![]() ![]() On the other hand, this growth contributed significantly to increasing the amount of emissions from ships. In year 2019, about 92,295 ships of 1.98 million deadweight shared in the maritime field activities, and more than 60,000 ships transported billions of tons of cargo worldwide (UNCTAD 2019). More than 90% of the international trade is transported by ships (Jiang et al. ton/year with cost-effectiveness of $1912 and $55.8/ton, respectively, at annual interest rate of 10%. Environmentally, NO x and CO 2 emissions will be reduced by 270. The pay-back period of the proposed concept will be 6 years with a considerable value of levelized cost of energy. Economically, the results reveal that the use of Flettner rotors will contribute to considerable savings, up to 22.28% of the annual ship’s fuel consumption. The average net output power for each rotor will be 384 kW/h. The results showed the high influence of the interaction between ship course and wind speed and direction on the net output power of Flettner rotors. As a case study, one of the bulk carrier ships operating between Damietta port in Egypt and Dunkirk port in France has been investigated. Flettner rotors as a clean propulsion technology for commercial ships are introduced. This paper highlights the applicability of harnessing wind power for ships. The maritime industry is in urgent need of searching about alternative energy sources for ships. Shipping faces challenges of reducing the dependence on fossil fuels to align with the international regulations of ship emissions reduction. ![]()
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